The global pulp and paper industry has moved through 2025 with more signs of strain thus far as mill closures and production curtailments continue to mount. These shutdowns—both permanent and temporary—are unfolding across regions. They are affecting a wide range of operations, from containerboard mills in North America to pulp and specialty facilities in Europe and the South Pacific.
This wave of closures follows a similar pattern seen in recent years but appears to be intensifying. Companies are citing a variety of reasons for the decision such as rising costs, shifting demand, aging assets.
Global Mill Closures in 2025
Several significant closures have been announced or implemented in 2025:
- International Paper: Shut down its Campti, Louisiana containerboard mill in April, citing decreased demand for packaging products and efforts to streamline operations.
- Georgia-Pacific: Announced the closure of its containerboard mill in Cedar Springs, Georgia, effective August, as part of a strategic move to optimize its manufacturing footprint.
- Smurfit WestRock: Closed its St. Paul, Minnesota CRB mill and ceased production at the Forney, Texas containerboard mill, focusing on more efficient facilities post-merger.
- Greif: Permanently closed its Fitchburg, Massachusetts and Los Angeles, California recycled paperboard mills due to high operating costs and limited integration opportunities.
- Metsä Board: Closed its Tako board mill in Tampere, Finland, in response to weakened market demand and rising operational costs.
- UPM Communication Papers: Announced the closure of its Ettringen, Germany paper mill by July, aligning capacity with profitable demand amid market overcapacities.
- Oji Fibre Solutions: Ceased operations of Paper Machine 6 at its Kinleith Mill in Tokoroa, New Zealand, by the end of June, as the paper production line was loss-making.
